Sample 1994-Ongoing:

• Adults: 42,940 (sample 1994-2019)
• Children: 13,619 (sample 1994-2019)

Interviews were conducted with as many adults as possible in sampled households. Data for the children's questionnaires were obtained from adults in the household. Each observation is a record for one person for a round that the person was in the survey. The individual identifier and the round identifier (idind id_w) uniquely identify each person-round. Variables have been standardized across the rounds. Categorical variables include value labels.

Sample 1994-Ongoing:

• 32,023 households (sample 1994-2019)

The starting sample in 1994 was supplemented in various years, rising to 8,440 in 2012. In 2014, however, it was reduced to 6,762 due to budget constraints. Despite this adjustment, the original panel of households remains intact. The survey includes details about the families' assets, farming activities as they related both to income and use as a food source for the household, other sources of income and expenditures, and details on educational expenses. Each observation is a record for one household for a round that the household was in the survey. The household identifier and the round identifier (id_h id_w) uniquely identify each household-round. Variables have been standardized across rounds. Categorical variables include value labels.

Starting sample in 1994:

• Adults: 8,893
• Children: 2,397

Interviews were conducted with as many adults as possible in sampled households. Data for the children's questionnaires were obtained from adults in the household. Total individual income variables were constructed from the income and expenditure data and are part of each individual's record. Data files for individual years are no longer published since 2017 year. Please refer to a longitudinal file.

Starting sample in 1994: 3,975 households

The starting sample in 1994 was supplemented in various years, rising to 8,440 in 2012. In 2014, however, it was reduced to 6,762 due to budget constraints. Despite this adjustment, the original panel of households remains intact. The survey includes details about the families' assets, farming activities as they related both to income and use as a food source for the household, other sources of income and expenditures, and details on educational expenses. Total household income and expenditure variables were derived from the income and expenditure data and are part of each household's record. Data files for individual years are no longer published since 2017 year. Please refer to a longitudinal file.

Starting sample in 1994: 157 communities

Households were sampled in 1994 from 157 communities, and the sample has varied little since. Data were collected in each community about community size and land use, infrastructure (communication, transportation, and health), restaurants, employment opportunities, public services (schools, banks, utilities, waste disposal, and immigration services), and detailed information on food availability and costs.

Questionnaires in PDF format are available in both English and Russian.

Occupational codes, Primary sampling unit codes, Regional ID documentation, and other supplementary materials.

Samples of program syntax used to create the economic constructed variables.